PREPARE BY AMET LIBRARY TEAMS
CURRENT TRENDS
1. What
effect does water contamination have on the fuel oil used for firing an
auxiliary boiler?
2. How are
Double bottom tanks cleaned and inspected?
3. What pressure is maintained on Steam
smothering lines ?
4. What is a fusible plug?
5. How are oil tanks vented. and what
is tbe purpose of the flame screen on the'
goose-neck' of the pipe? #
6. How was
the Main engine turbo-charger of your ship lubricated?
7. State the
procedure for taking-over of a watch or handing-over of a watch.
8. How is a
Boiler started from cold?
9. State the
Boiler platform fire fighting appliances.
10. State the details of fire
extinguishing media found on board Fixed and portable.
11. What are
the indications of a leaking Air Starting valve?
12.What action
will you take, if the exhaust temperature (of one unit) of the main engine is
rising?
13. What
action you will take, if the Main switch-board catches fire?
14. State your
last Main Engine's specifications.
15.Mention the checks on the steering gear.
16.How can the power of a Diesel engine be increased?
17.State the action you will take, when bridge
informs you about possible bad weather.
18.
What is the use of the air vent, on Boiler.
19.State
any major problems on your last vessel and if you had any recurring problem.
20.What does a bunker checklist comprise of?
21. What happens if fuel is under-heated or
over-heated?
22. Name and describe a few boiler mountings.
23. What is the reason for a Ballast pump not taking
suction?
24. What action will you take if the Oil Mist Detector'
gives an alarm? How will you confirm the
O.M.D. alarm is genuine?
25.What is the purpose of the air cock on the Boiler, and
where is it fitted?
26.How will you use a 136 litre Foam fire-extinguisher?
27 .Describe the correct procedure for renewing a
Gauge glass of a Boiler.
28.State reasons for the possibility of a scavenge
fire and what action you will take.
29. What action will you take if the lube oil
purifier overflows? (Even after
taking this action, if it continues to
overflow, what will you do ?)
30. Why is main engine lubricating oil not used for
auxiliary engines?
31. What action will you take if the Boiler low
water level alarm sounds?
32.How will you start main engine lubricating oil
pumps?
33.How will you seat the rocker arm body on the
cylinder head? How will you ascertain that the unit is .in the firing stroke?
. 34.How will you fight a fire on tbe Boiler platform? .
35.What is ‘GRT' ?
What was the value of GRT of your last ship?
36. Why are quick closing valves provided? "
37.How will you operate portable Chemical foam
extinguishers?
38, What
may be the probable cause, of tbe Ballast Pump not taking
suction?
39. What is
the working principle of a fixed foam instnl1ntion? What is the chemical name of the Foam
forming solution?
40.State the
correct procedure for starting Cargo oil pumps and the care to be taken when opening steam valves.
41. What is the load line?
42. State the advantages of super long stroke
engines. .
43.State the specifications of a 136 litre Foam
fire-extinguisher, i.e., length of the hose, jet length and so on.
44.Why are the Aft peak and Fore peak tanks not used
for bunkers.?
45.What is O.D.M.S.? .
46.State the checks on running Air compressors.
47. State the various type of cargo carried on
vessels.
48.State the procedure for entering the CO2
,room. What checks you will carry out in the CO2 room?
49.State the Boiler blow-down procedure.
50.How will you fight a fire in the Purifier room?
51.What action will you take in case of 'Double ring'
alarm' 'of Telegraph ( crash stop) ? What effect will it have on the main
engine?
52.How are boiler water tests carried out? What
action will you take if chlorides are more?
53. State the general requirements. as per SOLAS
rules, for Life saving appliances (LSA) ?
54.
What would be the procedure for re-entry into the Machinery Space after
flooding has taken place and the fire is extinguished?
55.
What are the hazardsof working in enclosed spaces.
56.
What is meant by ‘Emulsification’ of oil? Is it desirable?
57. Describe the weekly routines to be carried out on
the CO2 flooding system.
58. What is the care and maintenance to be done on
the Compressed Air Breathing Apparatus ?
59. What is the test for checking the sealing
of the face mask in the SCBA?
60. What are the requirements for reversal to take
place for a marine engine?
61 What is the material of the fire hoses?
62. State the chemical reaction in a portable
chemical foam fire extinguisher.
63. What are the markings on the outside of the
extinguisher body?
64. Explain the principle of the working of an
Explosimete.
65. How is Soot-blowing carried out in a Boiler and
what is its purpose?
66. Why are chemicals not stored on the Boiler flat?
67. What precautions are taken in handling chemical?
68. How would you store paints on board? What are the
fire precautions taken to ensure safety?
69. Why is a water sprinkler system provided in the
Paint locker?
70. What steps Would you, as a 'Watch-keeping
Engineer, take to ensure cleanliness in the engine-room and how would you instruct your watch in
taking adequate safety precautions ?
LSA, FFA AND GENERAL SAFETY
1. Describe precautions to be taken before welding
operations?
2. How are Fires classified?
3. State the working pressure and testing pressure of
CO2 Portable extinguishers.
4. If Bilge level is rising in the Engine Room, what
action will you take?
5. State the safety feature (device) provided in the
Soda Acid fire-extinguisher.
6. Describe the operation of a 136 litre Foam
(chemical) extinguisher.
7. What are the fire hazards in machinery spaces?
8. What is the Periodic maintenance of the CO2
Total flooding system?
9. If
you are the only Senior Engineer present, on board ship in a port, and the night watch-keeping engineer reports, that the Engine Room is
getting flooded. What action will you take?
10. Describe the safety features on the Engine Room
Overhead Crane.
11. Describe CO2 flooding system for
Engine Room and Cargo Holds.
12.Where is the Breathing Apparatus stored?
13.List the equipment stored in the ship's fire
locker.
14.State the purpose of an Isolating Valve in the
Fire line.
15.State various types, of Portable fire
extinguishers available on board ships.
16.When are portable fire extinguishers re-charged
and how many charges are carried as spare?
17.What is the bursting pressure of a portable Soda
Acid Extinguisher?
18. How are chemicals stored on vessels?
19. What precautions are taken for storing paints and
oil on board?
20 Give the details of
Soda acid Extinguisher, viz. charging procedure, vent hole diameter and position.
21 What is the purpose of dampers, detuners and
moment compensators?
22.While taking bunkers, if oil suddenly spills on
deck, what action will you take?
23. What action you will take if the Engine Room is
flooding?
24. What safety is provided on the fire line on deck?
25. What type of fire detectors are provided in the
Engine Room?
26. State the correct procedure for lowering a life boat?
27. State Safety features on fire main line.
28. How will you operate
a 45 litre foam, fire-extinguisher? What is the ratio and quantity of foam
formed?
29. What is the safety device provided, on a Foam
fire- extinguisher?
30. Why is tappet clearance
given in Diesel Engines? What are the effects
of having less / more tappet clearance?
31. What is a double seated valve (in the Soda Acid
Extinguisher) and explain its purpose?
32. If the solution level in a Soda Acid Extinguisher
is high/low, what would be the effect?
33.What are the items to be
checked in the CO2 Room? At what temperature is CO2 stored
in cylinders and why? What will be the effect of any temperature increase?
34. How will you extinguish an oil fire with water?
35. What will you do if the CO2 alarm
sounds during your watch in the Engine Room?
36 How do you recharge a spent fire extinguisher?
37 What will you do if the Purifier Room catches
fire?
38 What is the difference between safety valve and
relief valve?
39 State contents of the
bottle in a Self Contained Breathing Apparatus? What is the capacity of the
bottle and its weight?
40. What are
the special fire fighting arrangements found, on the deck of an LPG carrier?
. 41.
State safeties provided in air vents, to prevent the ingress of water.
42. State the quantity of AL2 (SO4)3 and NAHC03
(in grams) in a chemical foam extinguisher and its operating pressure?
43. Briefly
explain Marpol regulations.
44. How is a
D.C.P. Extinguisher operated? Can this be used on an oil rue and how?
45. Define
'critical temperature' and what is it's importance in the storage of CO2
in cylinders.
46. How will
you avoid a crankcase explosion?
47. What
types of detectors are used in the Engine Room and in Cargo holds?
48.What types of
portable fire extinguishers are found in the Engine Room.
State their method
of operation.
49 .Which equipments
/machinery are connected to the emergency Switch board supply?
50. What is a smoke detector and its principle of working?
51 How do you use a 1361trs. Foam extinguisher?
52. State the chemical reactions which take place,
when using a Soda Acid and a Foam extinguisher
(portable type).
53. How do you distinguish between a Chemical foam and
a Soda Acid Extinguisher t if their tags are removed?
54. What is the duration of discharge, of a D.C.P. 4.5 kg.
Extinguisher?
55. If there is a fire in a cargo hold, how will you
come to know?
56. What is the purpose of ‘drip trays' ?
57. How will you
extinguish an oil fire with water? .
58. Describe a CO2 Total flooding system
for the Engine Room.
59. When does the warning whistle sound in the
S.C.B.A?
60. How will you fight a fire on the Main
Switchboard?
61. How is the CO2 flooding system of the
Engine room tested?
62.Where is the Breathing Apparatus stored on
vessels?
63. How you will fight an oil fire in the Engine
Room, by only using a jet nozzle?
64. Describe a CO2 detection and flooding
system for Cargo Holds.
65. How will you maintain 'general cleanliness’ in
the Engine Room?
66. State the precautions to be taken before welding
work?
67. What are the methods
of containment used, in case of a fire in
the Ga11ey?
68 What is the maintenance to be carried out on Soda
acid portable fire extinguishers?
69 State the requirements relating to Fire pumps on
cargo vessels.
70 Why is the Emergency fire pump located in a location remote from the
machinery spaces? .
MOTOR
1. What are the effects of worn bearings on the
engine?
2 What are magnetic filters, and what attention do
they require?
3 State the stages in the operation of a Diesel
engine?
4 What are the differences between Two stroke and
Four stroke engines?
5 How and why are tappet clearances taken?
6 State the starting interlocks on the Main Engine.
7 From where will you draw lube oil samples, for
analysis and what information is required to be furnished, to the laboratory ?
8 When blowing through the Main engine, if one of the
unit’s relief valve lifts, what could be the reasons?
9 Give reasons for main engine not starting on air.
10. Sketch the stern-tube lubricating oil system.
What type of seal arrangement is provided, to prevent lube oil from going
overboard! sea water coming in? .
11. How is a 'poker gauge' reading taken and what is
its significance?
12. How is a Purifier boxed back after overhaul?
13. What checks are carried out on the Tail Shaft ?
14. What is a Thrust Block. what is its purpose and
where is it fitted?
15. When are the safety cut outs of the Main Engine
tried out and how often?
16. What is the setting pressure of crankcase relief
valve? What is the relationship between
the area of relief valves and the volume of the crankcase?
17. How will you reverse the Main engine. from full
ahead/ full aster?
18. How would. you know if a piston was 'running
bot'?
19. What will you check in a Crank-case inspection?
20. Why does a Piston seize? What action must be
taken?
21. What is the 'impressed current" system?
Where is it fitted? What is its purpose? How does it work?
22. What do you understand by the term athwart-ship?
23. What are the symptoms of a Scavenge fire?
24. What action will you take if the Purifier
overflows?
25. What is a Tie Rod? How many tie rods will he there in
a 6 cylinder engine?
26. What action you will take, if Main Engine piston
bas seized?
27. What are symptoms
6f a piston crack and a liner crack? What
action will you take? .
28. What is the difference between the Main Engine's and
the Aux. Engine's Governor?
29. State the differences between
a Purifier and a Clarifier?
30. How is an engine aligned and installed?
31. How do we know if an air inlet valve is leaking?
32. How will you remove the
Main Bearing bottom-half shell of the Main Engine and also put it back?
33. What is the compression pressure of the main
engine of your last ship?
34. What are the precautions taken before starting an
Auxiliary Engine?
35. How will you put into commission an Auxiliary
Engine (Generator), after completion of its ‘decarbonisation' ?
36. Why do we measure 'Butt clearance' ?
37. What will you check if piston cooling and jacket
cooling temperatures start going high?
38 State the maximum and minimum permissible 'values
of 'Butt clearance' of your last vessel's Main engine.
39 What precaution will you take while inserting oil
scraper ring in piston grooves and why?
40 State remedial measures in case of a Scavenge
fire.
41 If a purifier
overflows, what action wilt you take? .
42 What is the difference between a 2 stroke and a 4
stroke engine?
43 What is 'diesel knock' and how does it affect the
engine's performance?
44 What is after burning
and what are its symptoms?
45 What are the types of Scavenging ?
46 From where do we do the 'crash' manoeuvring?
47 What is the use of the Telegraph?
48 How do you check tappet clearances?
49 How do you come to know if an exhaust valve is
leaking?
50 What is the procedure for starting of a Purifier?
51 What is the function of the Crosshead?
52. How will you proceed to take Crankshaft
deflections? What could possibly be reasons for crankshaft? What could possibly
be reasons for cranshaft misalignement?
53. How is a fuel injector tested onboard?
54. What is the
effect of the change of the gravity disc, on the operation of a purifier?
55. Briefly describe the correct Bunkering Procedure.
56. During manoeuvring, if the Automatic Air Starting
valve stops working automatically, what action will you take?
57. Describe a Pneumercator gauge?
58. What are the safety cut outs in the Main engine?
59. What will you do if the jacket outlet
temperatures of an Auxiliary engine increase, during the watch?
60. What is done during Auxiliary Engine
decarbonisation?
61. Distinguish between the lubricating systems of
the Main Engine and Auxiliary Engine.
62. How do you start a
Generator and take it on load?
63. What are the possible
defects of Big-end Bearing bolts?
64. If a piston has
suffered damage/crack, how is the unit disconnected? If Thrust bearing lube oil
temp. is rising, what action will be taken by you?
65. What is the purpose of
a clutch pad in a Purifier?
66. If a Generator sump
sounding is rising, what are the probable causes and what action will you take?
67. State the
specifications of the Main engine of your last vessel.
68. What is a Crankcase
explosion? Outline the causes, prevention and action to be taken?
69. Give the principle of operation of any
"remote level indicating gauge.
70. What have you gained from the Engine room
Simulator Course attended by
you?
71. What is the correct procedure for removing a Main
Bearing shell and how are clearances checked?
72. How is the Thrust clearance measured? 73 How is
an Indicator Card taken? What information can you obtain from it ?
74 To what pressure is a crankcase relief door valve
set and how does it function?
75 What is 'surging'.
and why does it take place in Turbo-chargers?
76.What is a Scavenge
fire? What
are the causes, prevention and action to be taken in case of a fire?
77 Describe briefly
the various methods of starting an engine.
78 Describe the safety
features of the Main engine.
79 Define Specific
Fuel consumption, Brake power, Thermal efficiency, Indicated power.
80 Explain the
Starting air system for a Diesel engine, giving a brief description of the
components.
81 What are the
probable causes of H. O. and L. O. Purifier overflowing?
82 How often must the
sea chests and valves be inspected?
83 What is
compensation, and where is it used in Governors?
84 What do you understand by the term 'droop' ? What
is the effect of 'droop' ?
85 What are the advantages and disadvantages of
Automation?
86 What is the meaning of the term 'UMS' ?
87 Why must lubricating oil be regularly tested? What
are the common contaminants ?
88 What is a ‘Jack
bolt' and where is it found?
89 Describe a typical
Thrust block.
90 What is the
difference between Specific fuel consumption and Total fuel consumption?
91 What are the types
of stresses commonly found in engineering?
92 Wha1 is the unit
for viscosity? What is the device used on board for measuring it?
93 What is the
"Diaphragm' in a Two stroke engine? Where is it found?
94 What are Quills,
and where would you find these on the Main engine?
95 What is 'Butt'
clearance and on which component of the engine would you expect to find this?
96 What is the
difference between the Cylinder oil and the System oil (in the Sump) Qf a Two
stroke engine? Can one be used in place of the other?
97 Where is the
Camshaft located, and how does it affect the operation of the engine?
98 What is a Guide
shoe. and where would you find this in the Crankcase?
99 What are Wear
bands, and where are they found?
BOILERS
1 How will you raise steam in a Boiler from a cold
state? What is to be checked before firing?
2. What is the
‘Lift' of a boiler safety valve.
3. What are the causes of corrosion in Boilers? What
tests are done on boiler water 'and why?
4. How many Safety valves are fitted on a
boiler? How is the safety valve pressure
set?
5 What does the' term pH value mean?
6 What are the safeties provided on a boiler.
7 Why are Blow down valves fitted on a boiler?
8 What are the difference between smoke and water
tube boilers.
9 During plow through, if you find no water in the
Boiler, what action will you take? How do you find out if a tube is leaking?
10 How often is a Boiler blown down and what is the
procedure?
11 State the causes of a 'back fire'.
12 How will you blow through a boiler gauge glass?
13 Before taking water in boilers, what will, be
checked by you?
14 How will you test the boiler water?
15 What action will you take if you observe oil in
the 'hot well' ?
16 At what pressure will a Boiler Safety valve lift ?
17 What are the maximum permissible values of
alkalinity, pH value and chloride?
18 What will cause vacuum in a boiler?
19 Describe briefly the safety
devices on a Boiler.
20 What is the procedure
'during starting and stopping a Boiled?
21 If water level .in a boiler gauge glass cannot be
made out, what action will you take?
22 If oil is present in a boiler, what action will
you take?
23 State the reasons for scale formation in Boilers.
What are the effects of scale formation on the Boiler?
24 How much chloride content is allowable? How is it
reduced?
25 What is the safety feature of a Boiler
gauge glass?
26 What are the various alarms on a Boiler panel?
POLLUTION PREVENTION
1 What do you understand by the term MARPOL?
2 How does the oil content
Monitor of a Bilge separator give an alarm?
3 What is the basic
difference between a Purifier and an Oily-bilge Separator?
4 Describe the operation of a Sewage Plant?
5 How do you separate out oil from bilge water?
6 What is a humidifier and
a dehumidifier? State it's purpose, working and requirements ?
7 Precaution and procedure
adopted during Bunkering.
8 Describe an oil mist detector.
9 Why are trays provided
below sounding pipes & vents on the deck?
10 When was the SOPEP Manual put in force..on
vessels? What does this manual comprise of?
11 What is meant by 'Oil spill contingency' plan?
12 What "are the causes of black smoke from the
uptakes?
13 How do you start an Oily water Separator, and what
are the checks that you would carry out before starting it?
l4.What -is an Incinerator? Give the principle of
operation.
15 What is the emergency action you will take, in
case of an 'Oil Spill'?
16 What precaution wi11 you take during Bunkering?
17 List the precautions taken before Ballasting or
Deballasting.
18 . Describe the Oil spill. contingency plan, on
board your last vessel.
19 Why is there a separate Pump-mom for Cargo pumps
on Tankers?
20 What is the principle of operation of an
Oily-Bilge separator?
ELECTRICAL
1. What First Aid will you render, to a person
suffering from an electrical shock.
2. How are Emergency
batteries maintained at the correct charge level?
3. What. are the
electrical and mechanical trips on Auxiliary Engines?
4. What are the safeties
provided on a Switchboard. What is a Preferential trip and a Reverse power
relay?
5. While one generator was
being paral1eled on to the Busbars, both the generators tripped; what may have
been the cause?
6. What action will you
take, if the electrical Busbars catch fire?
7. What is a Syncroscope? Where is it used?
8. What are Rectifiers, and what is their function?
9. How is current generated in an Alternator?
10. What type of electrical Starters are used on
board and why?
11 . What is an A. C. B. and what are the safeties
provided on the A.C.B.
12. What services and machinery are supplied from the
Emergency switchboard?
13.How is load taken on
Generators?
14.How will you convert a 440V AC supply to a 24 Volt
DC supply?
15. How will you start an Alternator?
16. Why are Emergency generators fitted on board?
17. What is the difference between AC & DC
current?
18. What action will you take, if an electrical motor
‘gets hot', during your watch?
19.State the different types of Motors available on
ships.
20. What is the difference between 'current' and
'voltage'? What do you understand by the term 'frequency'?
21.Sketch a simple circuit diagram of an Auxiliary
Engine control panel.
22. State the safeties provided on an electrical
Motor circuit.
23.How is an Alternator taken on load, in parallel?
24.What are the 'Phase factor' and 'Power factor'
relations on a Busbar ?
REFRIGERATION
1.What are the major components of a refrigeration plant?
2. Why are chemical dryers
preferred'? What attention do they require in service
3. How is gas charged in the Refrigeration system?
4. What are the causes of frequent cut in/cut off of a
Refrigeration plant Compressor. State in brief the causes/effects and the
remedical actions to be taken?
4. What is a 'Back pressure valve' and where is it
used?
5. What is a 'compound pressure gauge?
6. If there is 'frosting' on the suction line of a
compressor, what could be the cause?
7. How are different temperatures maintained in
various compartment of refrigeration system
8. What are the things you will check in a
refrigeration compressor?
9. What will be condition under which a suction line
gets hot or ‘cold’ and why?
10.What are different types of refrigerants used on
ships?
11. How are leaks detected on a Freon system ?
12. What are
the common, faults which could arise in the system?
13. State the properties of 'F.12' refrigerant gas.
14. What.are the various safety devices fitted
15. How is the refrigerant charged on the ‘high’ side of the system?
16. What is the effect of moisture on the refrigeration system?
17. What are the different types of compressors used?
RUDDERS AND STEERING
1. What is Rudder drop?
2. How is the Rudder drop measured?
3. ketch a Hydraulic steering gear system,
4. What is the purpose of the 'hunting gear’?
5. What do you mean by a ‘semi-balanced' rudder?
6. Why do we start the second Steering pump, while
manoeuvring?
7. Describe the Emergency steering system.
8. How much time is taken for the Rudder to travel from
'hard' port to hard 'starboard' with one pump, and with two pumps running?
9. What is the material' of the Rams?
10. What do you mean by a ‘balanced’ rudder?
11. What are the different types of steering gear?
12. State the principles of operation of winches.
13. Does starting an 2.dditional steering motor affect the
operation of the Steering gear and how?
14. What safeties are provided on windlass machinery ?
15. State tbe type of steering gear provided on your last
ship.
16. What do you mean by an 'unbalanced' rudder?
17. What are Rudder carrier bearings?
18. What are the tests to be carried out on the Steering
gear?
19. In case of Steering failure, what action would you
take?
20. Explain the working of a Rotary vane steering gear.
WATCHKEEPING
1. State the general duties of a watch-keeping
Engineer.
2. As the Fourth Engineer, in independent charge of a
watch, what would be your immediate action, on noticing that one of the main
engine pumps was not operating properly.
3. What action would you take, as the Engineroom
Watchkeeper, if you were informed by the Bridge watchkeeper, that sparks are
coming from the Funnel?
4. Briefly describe what factors. are considered for
running the machinery spaces unmanned.
5. Describe the duties that you would carry out on
receiving Two Hours notice, for departure from a Port.
6. What are the duties of the Fourth engineer?
7. What are the duties of the Fifth engineer?
8. What additional machinery must be started,' on
receiving notice for arrival?
9. How do you take over
watch?
10. How do you make out if
a bearing is 'running hot' ?
11. What are' the things
you will check, on a running compressor, during your watch?
12. How do you prepare the
Main Engine for manoeuvring?
13. What action will you
take if the ship 'runs aground' during your watch?
14. While 'taking over
watch' in port, you see black smoke coming from the Funnel and realise that
there is. a problem in the D.G. Set. How will you find out the reason for
improper combustion, and what would be your actions?
15. State the safety checks to be followed after a
'grounding'.
16. What action will you take in case of a
"black-out' ?
17. What is tl1e reason for having the Log book?
18. How do you keep watch at an 'unsheltered'
anchorage?
19. What are the checks on the Fresh water Generator,
during a routine round of the machinery spaces?
20. State the various types of records - maintained
on board for machinery .
21. What
additional precautions are to be taken for Anchor watch?
PUMPS
1. Where is the Emergency fire pump located?
2. What is the reason for a pump to have excessive
vibration.
3. Give reasons for a Ballast pump failing to meet
its rated capacity.
4. How win you start a centrifugal pump?
5,. What are the alternative means provided to start
an Ernergency fire pump and an Emergency generator?
6. How is fresh water generated on board? What is
'Reverse Osmosis' ?
7. Why is a gear pump used
for pumping oil ?
8. State tbe various
problems encountered in pumps.
9. What checks will you
make on a centrifugal pump, while overhauling? How is an alignment check' carried out?
10. In a centrifugal pump, why will the starting
torque be less, whi1e starting with the
discharge valve shut" ?What action would you take, if you were informed by the Duty Officer, that the ballast
water from one of the tanks was not being removed, during Deballasting, and that the cargo work was being
held up because of this?
11. Why is a relief valve fitted on the discharge
side of a positive displacement pump?
12. Describe the various types of pumps found on
board a ship.
13. What are the advantages and disadvantages of
these pumps.
14. Sketch and describe a Bilge system. Where are the
filters located? How would you know that a filter was'choked ?
15. What are Wear rings? Are there 'Wear rings’ in a
centrifugal pump?
VALVES,
PIPING, COOLERS
1. Where are seam-less Copper pipes used on board a ship?
2 Why are stainless steel bellows expansion joints pipelines?
3. What is pitting? How does this occur in pipelines?
4. What are Butterfly valves and where are they used?
5. What are the safety items in heat exchangers"?
6. State the type of
valves on a Bilge line. What is the material of Bilge piping? What is the safety
feature provided on a Bilge Pump?
7. What is the difference
between an ordinary cooler and an inter cooler provided in a compressor?
8. Why must a Gate valve not be used for throttling
the flow?
9. What types of valves are there in the bilge line?
10. What are the common materials used in the
pipelines?
11 . What are the components of a Valve ?
12. What is the difference a Globe valve and a Gate
valve?
13. How will you test the Emergency Bilge suction ?
14. What are the safeties provided on Condensers.
NAVAL ARCHITECTURE
1. What is a Deep tank and what does it contain?
2. Describe the Stern tube sealing arrangements.
3. What is the purpose of the Bulbous bow?
4. What was the capacity of a Ballast Tanks, on your
last vessel? 5. What is a 'Double-bottomt tank ? Where is it located? .
6. How are 'frames' spaced
in cargo holds. What are Web Frames?
7 What are the various
types of Ships that you have seen and how do they differ?
8. What is the 'Load Line' Where is it drawn and why is it necessary? .
9. Why don't we have a single 'Hold', instead of having
subdivisions, along the length of the ship?
10. What are the forces / Stresses,
which act on a vessel, in bad weather.
11. What structural
defects can there be in cargo holds? How often are
these holds surveyed? What does the surveyor check?
12. What are the
advantages of having the engine room Aft, rather than forward / amidships?
13. Definition of various terms used on board.
14. What is Camber, and where is it found?
15.What are Shear Strakes,
and where would you expect to find them? . .
16. Where is the Duct keel located, and what does it contain?
FUEL & FUEL SYSTEMS
1. Why are filters used in fuel systems? How often
should they be cleaned?
2. What is a Homogeniser, and how does it work '?
3. What is the indication of a ‘seal breaking’ in a
Centrifuge?
4. What is the cause of foaming in the Mixing column?
5. What are the different
types of fuel used on board ships?
6. What are the effects of contaminants in fuel oil?
7.What are the safety devices in the fuel system?
8. Describe ALCAP concept used in modern purifiers.
What is the density of fuel that it can handle?
9. How do you start and
stop a Centrifugal Purifier?
10. What is a self-cleaning purifier?
11. Describe the principle of Separation and
Clarification.
12. Where is the Mixing column and what purpose does
it serve?
13. What are the checks carried out on a running
Purifier?
14. How does a centrifugal separator work?
MISCELLANEOUS
QUESTIONS
- Where are Dryers used? How does a Dryer work?
- What is the difference between a sounding and an ullage? Where are these used? What is the effect of temperature on these?
3. What will happen if the fuel oil
temperature of the engine is too high / too low, prior to the injectors?
4. What are
the different types of Bearings in marine use?
5. Give
reasons for vibration of a centrifugal pump? How will you remedy this
condition?
6. What is
the effect of moisture in an A/C system? What is the remedy?
7. How does
a Bourdon pressure gauge work?
8. What are the safety checks to be carried
out when wearing the face mask of a Breathing
Apparatus?
9. How is soot removed from Boiler tubes,
and why is this necessary?
10. What is
the purpose of an Oil Separator and where is it located in the refrigerating
circuit?
11. What are
the requirements for efficient oil-burning in Boilers?
12. What is
the purpose of having an auxiliary Steam stop valve?
13. Where is
the Air vent in the Boiler located? What is its purpose?
14. How will
you dismantle a pump's bearings, and what are the precautions you will take?
15. What is an
Air pre-heater, and where is it found?
16. What is
the difference between primary and secondary cells used in Batteries?
17. What
care is to be taken on maintenance of Breakers and Switchboard?
18. Discuss the differences of Low-side and High-side
charging of a refrigerating plant.
19. What is a Cofferdam? Why is it useful?
20. How would you test for leakages in a Freon
refrigerant system?
21. How would you check for a blown fuse?
22. How are Double bottom tanks cleaned and
inspected?
23. What are the causes of a bearing running hot?
24. When are portable fire-extinguishers to be
re-charged, and how many charges Fire carried as spare on board?
Q. I: In one design of Sulzer Marine Diesel engines,
the Crankshaft main bearing keeps are held down by means of "jack bolts”.
Why are they inclined from the vertical and not just upright'?
The central idea behind the Jackbolt design as
compared with the traditional stud and nut design for holding the top keep of
main bearings is to reduce the span. athwartships - of support and thus the
bending induced in that area. This design enables the span of the Tie rods
spacing (athwartships) to be reduced for the same effect, and minimizing the
deformation that could otherwise occur in this area. If placed inclined
instead of upright, the span is further reduced in the upper arch of support,
white still achieving the desired tightening load on the keep (the vertical
component 1oading' and the horizontal components 'cancelling' out.
In this context, the Jackbolt design is dispensed
with in the RT (Sulzer) slow speed engines where the Bedplate construction is a
robust Box type and strong enough to resist deformation on this count.
Q.2: The fuel oil booster pumps operate under
pressure. 'Why? Different pressures are employed in
different makes of engines - why'! .
Apart from the obvious reason of ensuring a
continuous supply to the injection pumps by force feeding (as in any system
under pressure), the boster pump ensures adequate pressure to obviate vapor
binding of the hot fuel in the lines and possible cavitation in the injection
pumps (in the case of HFO) (the mixing colunm or vapor separator assists in
this). As to why different pressures are employed in different makes of
engines, it is due to different capacities of the injection pumps - the intake,
the output, the return etc- operating in sequence
Q.3: Where a Muff coupling (with its typical conical
outer sleeve) is employed to connect the tail shaft to the transmission
shafting, how is the Astern thrust taken up while going astern?
The propulsion thrust (both ahead and astern) of any
type of transmission and propulsion shafting is taken up solely by the Thrust
Block arrangement. Therefore, any coupling in the line is wholly relieved of
this thrust and a Muff coupling is no exception to this.
Q.4: In hoisting a Lifeboat, what happens to the air
motor used for this purpose if the hoist upper limit is reached? And why'?
When the said limit is reached, the limit switch
renders the air supply to the motor to be bye passed (This is one preferred
arrangement) and no damage is done, Otherwise it will be a case of exerting
hoisting force against unyielding limit stops which will result parting of the
wire ropes and a serious accident.
Q.5: In a very critical emergency with little time to
spare, while preparing to launch the lifeboats the boat plugs are missing.
\\nat win you do?
The Lifeboats with their 'buoyancy spaces' are
unsinkable, with or without the bottom plugs in place. And there is a
non-return valve in that place in one design. Still and all the plugs should be
in place before lowering (A Life boat is launched and it has to make way at sea
at least for a while and if the sea is rough or turbulent - as it surely win
around a sinking Ship -the DYNAMIC stability may not be good enough with the
boat awash and without plugs. An analogous case is the live busbars of the
electrical Switchboard - nothing should happen if one comes in contact with it
IF the earthing is perfect. But, if it is not?….!)
Q6. As regards the Free
surface effect, how do you explain. for TIIE SAME AREA subdivision Atite an
'unbroken' area is disastrous?
This one of the
wonderful phenomena of Hydrostatics ( the other being 'head' depending on
height alone and irrespective of the quantity of the fluid). It is all a question of
'wedge'
displacement and the
shifting of CGs and the moment of areas. Any NA text book wiJl show how.
Q,7: In calculating the
Powering of Ships, how are we justified in scaling up nom the Model to the
Ship? Can the same technique be applied for calculation
of Strength of Ships also?
The invaluable and
pioneering efforts of the father and son duo, the Froudes have shown the validity
of the law of similitude and the effectiveness of
the mathematical tool of
'Dimensional analysis' (this author gratefully
remembers even now (then a Cadet)
the couple of classes taken by
the erstwhile Deputy Director of DMET
(then). Sri.K.S.Subramaniam on this and how lucidly he explained this elegant but oft neglected
topic).
In the area of'
‘Strength of Ships', a direct scaling up like it
is done from
model to ship for powering calculations is
not done -
however, in photo elastic analysis of structures, such a method is employed in
general engineering and stress strain analysis.
Q,8: The 'fracture' or 'cut' surface of
a specimen of the same material, say steel appears different as between
hacksawing and when tested to destruction in a UTS machine. Why?
Though a straightforward answer would be to
differentiate between a ductile and
non-ductile fracture and the nature of the fracture surfaces, an enlightening one win involve
a study of the phenomenon of ‘slip and slip planes' and
'twinning' and 'dislocation' in the
behavior of materials under stress.
Q.9: Why some makes of Exhaust gas
Turbochargers for Main diesels are cooled while the others are not?
Any Heat engine where heat is converted to work
should be insulated and not cooled, so that heat losses are minimized, This
general principle applies to exhaust gas turbo chargers also - however, cooling
( and the heat loss to the cooling water) was necessary when self contained
lubrication sumps were employed with no lube oil heat exchanger ( as with ball
bearing supported design) - to help maintain the lube oil viscosity within
limits under operational conditions. When external1y lubricated design is
adopted (as With sleeve bearing support) with heat exchangers, then the best of
both worlds could be obtained - uncooled turbine and cooled tube oil.
Q.10: How does 'by pass injection' help in avoiding
'surging' in Turbocharges'?
The "ma.ss flow rate - pressure ratio" plot
indicates the surging region as where the relationship 'breaks down'. By pass
injection - taking part of the output air back to suction stage can lessen this
imbalance and restore normalcy to some extent.
Q.11: In a two-stroke
single acting main Diesel engine, the force on the Piston is always downwards.
Then why need secure it to the crosshead by means of a piston securing nut?
The contention is perfectly true, but there is this
contingency when an overheated piston can 'seize' and that is when this
'unwanted' nut plays its part - keeping the 'act' together ( The inertia force
difference between the Piston and the Crosshead-conrod combination because of
different masses is not the right answer - the force on the \\'HOLE is always
downwards)
Q.12: Can a centrifugal Purifier bowl burst while in
operation? Explain how.
It had and in one particular instance it was due to
improper assembly of the: Bowl and the screwed down lid. The locating dowels
(guide pins) for the sliding piston/bowl had sheared and the assembly was
forced down 'somehow'. When under high speed and hot operating conditions, the
vortex formed under the sliding piston/bowl exerted enough force (the drain
holes too were choked) to blow off the lid and all and very serious damage
occurred. Lesson? Do not ever take anything for granted!
Q.13: The presence of oxgen in boiler water is more
dangerous than a general lack of alkalinity. Do you agree and if so why?
It is more dangerous of the two evils. intense
localized 'pitting' is caused by the former, leading to metal thinning and
rupture, even if the rest of the surface looks good and sound. Whereas general
lack of alkalinity results in spread out wastage at much less accelerated rate
and can be detected earlier and easier.
Q.l4: In a boiler, if purging is not carried out, a backfire and
explosion can result while attempting to light up. Why this explosion relives
itself through the furnace front (as a 'blow back') and not
dissipate through the voluminous combustion chamber space and the open
exhaust to the funnel? The explosion is due to the spontaneous ignition of die
accumulated (and unpurged) combustible mixture of fuel vapor, fuel and air and
this occurs not in the far inner spaces of the furnace but at the front region
where the 'windbox' is (this is the region where the 'dripping fuel' can
accumulate as well). So, the explosion relieves itself through the front which
is easier.
Q.l5: Can a Diesel engine on load 'run away'? Give
specific instances and the reasons.
In a directly coupled Engine like the large, slow
speed 2-stroke Diesel engine for Marine propulsion. 'runaway' is due to loss of
propeller ( or propeller emergence out of water in a bad sea) is quickly
arrested by the Governor ( which is essentially meant for overspeed protection
only). In the case of a Medium to High speed Diesel driving an alternator,
separate overspeed protection is necessary to take care of the not uncommon
instances of electrical load being thrown off suddenly - this is the function
of the Overspeed Trip.
Q.16: This is a 'desert island' type question! You
are the only person in the unmanned engine room and a local accident occurs for
which you cannot raise an alarm nor can you leave the spot. What hopes have you
of ever being rendered assistance?
There is the mandatory pro"1sion of i1 'Dead Man
Alarm" which has to be activated (and the Bridge, which is always
manned, notified) before entry is made into an unmanned machinery space for any
reason. A prolonged and unacknowledged presence alerts the bridge and assistance
can be on the way instantly.
Q .17: (In the most unlikely event of not having a
Planimeter or a graph paper!) how can you measure the area of a Diesel engine
Indicator (Power) card?
There is the good old Simpson's rule method of
integrating the area under a curve by employing ordinates and half ordinates -
though the mathematics behind the derivation of these rules is complex., the
application is easy and the results accurate.
Q.18: As a Senior engineer training an Engineer Cadet
on board, how will you instruct him to trace the pipelines (say sea water) in
the engine room and make a sketch? What are the drawbacks (if any) of a
diagrammatic sketch as compared to a better alternative (which is... - ?)
First the safety precautions: Do not meddle around
with any valves or chip or de-rust pipes or chests without worming the Senior
officer (When an enthusiastic Junior chipped away the rusted valve chest below
the floor pla1e (and in another instance the cement boxed old pipe), the engine
room got flooded !).
As for the sketch proper, a TOPOGRAPHIC sketch is
more effective than a mere diagrammatic
one. To know if there is a valve in the line is
important, but to know where it actually is vital. Many an emergency demands
such knowledge for being tackled. So, indicate on your sketch such hints as the
location ("near and behind the air bottle", "under the floor
plate and directly below the maneuvering stand" etc) and try to draw a
three dimensional sketch, with levels indicated
Q.19: It is a M.T Baer
type of Situation. The Ship is rolling badly and the engine room overhead crane
is unsecured (unpardonable, but it can happen!). How will you go about
remedying the situation safety foremost.
The unsecured shifting masses must be tackled
immediately.(The possible scenario if the carriage comes crashing down and a
fuel line to the injector is ruptured, the fire therefrom etc is too horrendous
contemplate) But to attempt doing it while the Ship is under way in rough Seas
is extremely hazardous (a case of remedy worse than the disease). Alert Bridge
to stop ship or take diversionary measures (which they know best) so that the
crane can be quickly secured and a safe voyage resumed.
Q.20: What are the Three most important Certificates
issued ONLY by the Indian maritime
Administration for a ship? .
The Safety Constmction Certificate, The Safety
Equipment certificate, and the Tonnage Certificate.
- Reactive power – wattloss power vatmeter – volts –am----------- reactive
- Apparent power (KVA)– combination of active and reactive components drawn by a load.
- Significance of power factor: The power factor of a circuit / system is a measure of its effectiveness in utilizing the apparent power it draws from the generator.
- Improvement of power factor – capacitor/synchronous motor.
- Power loss in conductors: The forced movement of electrons through a conductor, by the application of a driving voltage, results in the generation of heat. The heating is caused by the electron collisions with atomic particles of the materials. The rate at which electric energy is converted to heat energy is a function of the existence of the conductor and the square of the current.
- Dielectric: Perfect Dielectric – Vacuum
- Speed control of a.c motors
- Safe limits of electric shock 95% & 100%
|
de
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120V
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50V
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50H2
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50V
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25V
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100H2
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120V
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50V
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Crank shafts
should be checked for the following:
a)
Surface damage of journals by”
i)
Scoring by impurities in lubricating oil or
particles embedded in white metal.
ii)
Corrosion (usually apparent as discoloration)
possible from weak acids caused by oxidation of lubrication oils, (weak),
bacteria in oil, products of combustion.
b)
Cracks in fillet radu---, oil holes or other
areas where stress concentration occurs.
- Caused by cyclic torsiional stresses,
c/shaft misalignment (work main bearing or loose chocks), overloading of the
engine.
c)
Slipped strink fit (check with marks) caused by
liquid in cylinder during starting, propeller collision with submerged objects,
extreme and sudden overloading of unit/units (possible as result of major fault
in the fuel injection and timing system).
d)
Ovality: This occurs infrequently but as a
problem that primarily concerns the bottom end journal, though in extreme cases
the mains and even the cross head pinds may be affected. It is caused by a
combination of reduced effectiveness of lubricating oil and the directional
thrust of the connecting rod, which is at maximum somewhere around 45th
after tde.
Black out changeover
Features of Alarm Systems:
1) Must function independent of may control or safety system
i.e if will still function even if there is fault is these other systems.
2) Automatic change over to standby power system.
3) It must be self
monitoring for faults with in the alarm system itself, such as broken wire or
sensor failure – Any internal system fault should cause the alarm system to
give an alarm.
4) Must advise the duty personnel of quickly of any fault
condition.
5) Presence of any unrectified faults should be indicated at
all times.
6) Indications at the control stations – visual &
audible
First up or first out – identification of the first alarm
that operated with in a group or flood of alarms motoring of an alternator –
indications
Power factor: KW/KVA is a measure of its effectiveness in
utilizing the apparent power it draws from the generator.
Lead Acid Battery in discharged condition – Lead sulphate
may harden and become non porous, preventing the battery from accepting full
charge
The objectives of feed water treatment and chemical control
1)
Prevention of corrosion/deposition of with in
the boiler itself
2)
Prevention of corrosion/deposition of feed and
condensate system
3)
Prevention of damage to machinery due to impure
steam
4)
Prevention of outage time due to failure of
boiler/associated equip
5)
Reduction of time for repair or maintenance
6)
Maintenance of a safe operating environment fort
personnel.
Fail safe policy: If the control
system has a failure, then the controlled equipment must fail to a condition so
as not to cause an unsafe situation to arise, such as mechanical or thermal
overloads of machinery. OAF-open on air failure, CAF-close on air failure fail
fixed – the v/v remains in the position it was in at the time of the air
failure.
Motor protection sets out to
achieve three objectives:
- To protect the motor against rapid destruction when stalled or during run-up.
- Over ---- of the windings
- Prevent disconnection when the motor is not at risk
Single phasing: This condition occurs when one of the supply
lines to the motor stator becomes disconnected due to open circuit such as
blown fuse or bad contact.
Circuit Breaker Maintenances
Monthly : Operate ----
Annually: Check: Fightness of all electrical connections.
Condition of arching chutes and arching contents,
Clean and replace as necessary condition of main contacts,
operation of closing/---- lubrication – avoid over lubrication.
“Airgap” is the vertical distance between the bottom of the
hull and the
a)
Still water level
b)
Water crest
c)
Wave crest plus the charted water depth and
fidal correction
d)
Wave crest plus charted water and storm surge
Properties of primary refrigerant
a)
Non flammable, non explosive, non toxic
b)
Should not damage the--- / environment if ----
c)
Non-corrosive, should not react unfavorably with
lubricants, moisture and materials used
d)
Have moderate working pressure – condensing for
as low as possible, in order to deep dawn the mechanical strength required in
the compressor and high pr side of the system.
The evaporating pr should be as
high as possible as pr below atmos. Result in air and moisture being drawn in
the event of leak.
e)
have a high coefficient of performance
f)
have a moderate temp after compression – a low
disch temp reduces the risk of oil decomposition and overheating of the
compression.
g)
Low is cost and ready availability.
h)
State with reasons the factors which influence
the speed at which the engine may be safely operated
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